Minimizing airfoil drag at low angles of attack with DBD-based turbulent drag reduction methods

Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) based turbulent drag reduction methods are used to reduce the total drag on a NACA 0012 airfoil at low angels of attack. The interaction of DBD with turbulent boundary layer was investigated, based on which the drag reduction experiments were conducted. The results show that unidirectional steady discharge is more effective than oscillating discharge in terms of drag reduction, while steady impinging discharge fails to finish the mission (i.e. drag increase). In the best scenario, a maximum relative drag reduction as high as 64 % is achieved at the freestream velocity of 5 m/s, and a drag reduction of 13.7 % keeps existing at the freestream velocity of 20 m/s. For unidirectional discharge, the jet velocity ratio and the dimensionless actuator spacing are the two key parameters affecting the effectiveness. The drag reduction magnitude varies inversely with the dimensionless spacing, and a threshold value of the dimensionless actuator spacing of 540 (approximately five times of the low-speed streak spacing) exists, above which the drag increases. When the jet velocity ratio smaller than 0.05, marginal drag variation is observed. In contrast, when the jet velocity ratio larger than 0.05, the experimental data bifurcates, one into the drag increase zone and the other into the drag reduction zone, depending on the value of dimensionless actuator spacing. In both zones, the drag variation magnitude increases with the jet velocity ratio. The total drag reduction can be divided into the reduction in pressure drag and turbulent friction drag, as well as the increase in friction drag brought by transition promotion. The reduction in turbulent friction drag plays an important role in the total drag reduction.     

高温环境下角接触球轴承磨损寿命分析

针对高温环境下轴承材料性质和润滑状态变化，造成轴承磨损加剧，过早丧失精度的问题。首先开展高温环境下轴承用材料的摩擦磨损试验，获取材料的磨损系数。在此基础上，考虑温度、润滑、轴承材料属性等对轴承磨损性能的影响，建立高温角接触球轴承磨损模型，通过数值求解探讨工况参数和结构参数等对轴承磨损性能的影响，并评估轴承的磨损寿命。结果表明：对于高温轴承材料无磁合金GH05，在高温300 ℃摩擦状态下平均磨损系数为2.5×10^-7 mm²/N；随着载荷、转速、温度的增加，轴承内、外滚道的磨损率均不断增大，其中内圈磨损率大于外圈，内圈磨损特性决定着轴承的磨损寿命；载荷和转速是决定轴承磨损寿命的主要因素，轴承主结构参数对磨损寿命具有重要影响，通过结构优化可提高轴承磨损寿命。     

Hypersonic shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction in a sharp cone/flare model

A direct numerical simulation of hypersonic Shock wave and Turbulent Boundary Layer Interaction(STBLI) at Mach 6.0 on a sharp 7° half-angle circular cone/flare configuration at zero angle of attack is performed. The flare angle is 34° and the momentum thickness Reynolds number based on the incoming turbulent boundary layer on the sharp circular cone is Re_θ = 2506. It is found that the mean flow is separated and the separation bubble occurring near the corner exhibits unsteadiness. The Reynolds analogy factor changes dramatically across the interaction, and varies between 1.06 and 1.27 in the downstream region, while the QP85 scaling factor has a nearly constant value of 0.5 across the interaction. The evolution of the reattached boundary layer is characterized in terms of the mean profiles, the Reynolds stress components, the anisotropy tensor and the turbulence kinetic energy. It is argued that the recovery is incomplete and the near-wall asymptotic behavior does not occur for the hypersonic interaction. In addition, mean skin friction decomposition in an axisymmetric turbulent boundary layer is carried out for the first time. Downstream of the interaction, the contributions of transverse curvature and body divergence are negligible, whereas the positive contribution associated with the turbulence kinetic energy production and the negative spatial-growth contribution are dominant. Based on scale decomposition, the positive contribution is further divided into terms with different spanwise length scales. The negative contribution is analyzed by comparing the convective term, the streamwise-heterogeneity term and the pressure gradient term.     

Mechanism of interconnected synchronized switch damping for vibration control of blades

The Synchronized Switch Damping (SSD) is regarded as a promising alternative to mitigate the vibration of thin-walled structures in aero-engines, especially for blades or bladed disks. The common manner is to shunt the switch circuit independently to a single piezoelectric structure. This paper is aimed at exploring a novel way of using the SSD, i.e., the SSD is interconnected between two piezoelectric structures or substructures. The damping mechanism, performance, and effective range of the interconnected SSD are studied numerically and experimentally. First, based on a dual cantilever beam finite element model, the time domain and frequency domain modeling and solving methods of the interconnected SSD are deduced and validated. Then, the influence of the amplitude and phase relationship on the damping effect of the interconnected SSD is numerically studied and compared with the shunted SSD. A self-sensing SSD control board is developed, and experimental studies are carried out. The results show that the interconnected SSD establishes an additional energy channel between the corresponding piezoelectric structures. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are different, the interconnected SSD balances the vibration level of each beam. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are the same, if the appropriate interconnection manner is selected according to the phase, the resonance peak can be reduced by more than 30%. When the vibration is in-phase/out-of-phase, the damping generated by the interconnected SSD in a cross/parallel manner is even more significant than the shunted SSD. Furthermore, this novel connection scheme reduces the number of SSD circuits in half. Finally, for engineering applications, we implement the proposed damping technology to the finite element model of a typical dummy bladed disk. A piezoelectric damping ratio of 13.7% is achieved when the amount of piezo material is only 10% of blade mass. Compared with traditional friction dampers, the major advancements of the interconnected SSD are: (A) it can reduce the vibration level of blades without friction interface; (B) the space constraint is overcome, i.e., the vibration energy is not necessarily dissipated independently in one sector or through physically adjacent blades, and instead, the dissipation and transfer of vibrational energy can be realized between any blade pair. If a specific gating circuit is adopted to adjust the interconnection manner of the SSD, vibration mitigation under variable working conditions with different engine orders will be expected; (C) designers do not need to worry about the annoying nonlinearities related to working conditions anymore.     

基于冲击信号的滑动轴承摩擦故障监测方法

针对滑动轴承声发射（AE）信号干扰严重、故障信号难分离、轴承摩擦故障监测难的问题,从不同信号的激励源作用形式出发,根据冲击信号的工作脉冲特征,建立了分离相对容易的干扰信号与轴承摩擦故障的联系,提出一种基于干扰信号监测滑动轴承故障的方法。首先,依靠K均值奇异值分解（K SVD）字典对冲击特征的捕捉能力,确定冲击脉冲产生的时刻；为了锐化和增强冲击信号,通过Hilbert包络解调出冲击包络信号。其次,引入钟形脉冲参数,通过钟形脉冲拟合单个冲击包络信号,并进一步推导出冲击包络信号的强度简化计算公式,用于滑动轴承接触摩擦故障识别。最后通过实验模拟了滑动轴承切断供油后的轴瓦摩擦过程,与AE传统特征相比,所提特征更容易识别轴承的早期摩擦故障,能够完整描述轴承的摩擦的全过程,且计算效率更高,为滑动轴承接触摩擦故障诊断提供了一种新的途径。      

双周期分布式压电分支阻尼对失谐叶盘振动抑制作用分析

将压电分支电路引入失谐叶盘结构，形成机电耦合系统，给出了机电耦合系统动力学方程的推导过程，并从理论上研究了压电分支阻尼对失谐叶盘结构响应放大的抑制效果.通过构造双周期分布式压电分支电路，研究了双周期分布式压电分支阻尼对失谐叶盘结构的振动抑制效果，并与单周期压电分支电路进行了对比，对比结果显示压电分支阻尼（包括单周期压电分支阻尼以及双周期分布式压电分支阻尼）均能有效降低随机失谐叶盘结构的响应放大，其中双周期机电耦合系统响应放大因子统计分析结果小于1的概率在99.7%以上，基本消除了失谐叶盘结构的响应放大现象.通过合理地设计系统的双周期模式，能够获得比单周期更好的失谐响应放大抑制效果.此外，压电分支阻尼使得随机失谐叶盘结构的失谐“阈值”现象消失，提高了叶盘结构的失谐鲁棒性.      

火箭橇系统的摩擦力分析与计算

根据火箭橇动态试验非线性和非定常特点，以及火箭橇与轨道的摩擦特性，对某型火箭橇系统进行了动力学分析、建模和流场数值模拟，界定了不同运动状态的动力学特点，得到了系统的气动力特性。研究结果表明:在60～90m/s速度条件下，该型火箭橇阻力系数约为0.58，升力系数约为0.003，气动力主要表现为气动阻力，升力与火箭橇自重相比相对较小，约占自重的0.5%～1.2%。同时结果表明，火箭橇运动速度是影响摩擦因数的主要因素，摩擦因数随运动速度的增大而减小。在数值模拟和试验数据基础上，确定了幂函数形式的摩擦因数计算公式，公式以运动速度为底数，系数为2.554，指数为-0.756。并在多种工况下，对火箭橇运动参数进行预测和验证，与试验数据符合良好。      

搅拌摩擦加工调控镁合金组织与耐腐蚀性能的发展现状与趋势

近年来，航空航天领域轻量化进程发展迅速，镁合金在其中扮演着越来越重要的角色。然而，镁合金耐腐蚀性不佳的特点制约了镁合金的应用范围。本文综述了搅拌摩擦加工技术调控含第二相镁合金耐腐蚀性能的研究现状，从动态再结晶和加速第二相破碎、固溶两个角度，论述了搅拌摩擦加工调控镁合金组织的基本原理，并分析了搅拌摩擦加工改善含粗大第二相镁合金耐腐蚀性的原因，为改善含粗大第二相镁合金的耐蚀性提供了技术途径和研究方向。     

动压式环瓣浮环密封特性及摩擦磨损研究

普通接触式环瓣浮环密封高速下不开启易造成磨损失效,动压式环瓣浮环一定转速下径向开启并保持无摩擦无磨损稳定运行,具有较好的应用前景。建立动压式环瓣浮环密封固体域及流场数值计算模型,计算开启阻力、开启力、泄漏率及温升,分析动压槽结构参数对密封开启的影响,讨论密封性能随槽型参数的变化趋势。基于数值分析优化参数,试验验证开槽前后密封的泄漏率及温升,讨论不同开启情况下密封的磨损特性。结果表明：优化的动压槽能可明显改变主密封间隙中的压力分布,提高流体动压力,实现开启,使密封高速下稳定无摩擦运转并保持较低的泄漏率,大幅度降低摩擦温升,改善密封的摩擦磨损。动压槽最佳深度宜为3~5μm,密封具有较大的开启力；槽宽增大开启力先增大后变缓,过大的槽宽对提高开启力不明显；工作压力增加密封开启难度增加,可通过增加槽数或提高转速实现开启；动压槽的槽深较大时,密封先迅速磨损后逐渐稳定,具有自磨损、自稳定的特点。研究结果为动压式环瓣浮环密封的结构设计和工程应用提供了参考。     

柔性接头迟滞阻尼特性识别

为实现对柔性接头系统的建模和动力学分析,对柔性接头的迟滞阻尼特性识别方法进行了研究.测试了一系列不同摆角和不同频率条件下柔性接头的动态特性参数,基于变刚度变阻尼法对不同频率下的刚度系数和阻尼系数进行了参数识别,获得了刚度系数和阻尼系数跟摆动频率之间的关系,建立了柔性接头动力学模型.应用该模型分析计算了柔性接头低速频率特性,并与试验结果进行了对比分析.结果表明:建立的模型可以很好地描述柔性接头的低频特性,随摆动频率的增加,恢复力矩略有增加；在振幅较小时,弹性力矩随摆角呈线性,随着摆动振幅的增加,弹性力矩的非线性逐渐增强.